RRQ
Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ)
The RRQ is a self-report questionnaire designed to measure two distinct dimensions of self-focused thinking: rumination (negative orientation, preoccupations) and reflection (contemplative reflection on oneself). It explores an individual's tendency to engage in self-reflective thoughts, either in a dysfunctional way (rumination) or in a more constructive way (reflection). This tool is commonly used in research in personality psychology and mental health.
- Number of questions
- 24 questions
- Estimated duration
- 8 minutes
- Language
- English
- Original name
- Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire
- Target audience
- Adults, adolescents
- Authors
- Paul D. Trapnell, Jennifer D. Campbell (2002)
- Category
- General
Scoring & interpretation
Respondents answer each statement on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'. The total score for each subscale (rumination and reflection) is obtained by adding up the corresponding responses, which provides a score for each of the two self-reflective thinking styles. High scores on the rumination subscale indicate a tendency toward preoccupation and repetitive negative thoughts, while high scores on reflection suggest an inclination to reflect in an introspective and adaptive way.
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