RRS
Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS)
The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) is a self-report tool that measures an individual's tendency to ruminate in response to distress or depression, that is, the propensity to focus on one's symptoms and their causes or consequences. It makes it possible to assess rumination as a vulnerability factor in mood disorders, particularly depression.
- Number of questions
- 22 questions
- Estimated duration
- 10 minutes
- Language
- English
- Original name
- Ruminative Responses Scale
- Target audience
- Adults
- Authors
- Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, J. Morrow (1991)
- Category
- Depression
Scoring & interpretation
Each item is rated on a Likert-type scale (1 = almost never, 4 = almost always). This yields a total rumination score, as well as two subscales, automatic rumination and reflective rumination, allowing the rumination profile to be interpreted. A high score indicates a strong tendency to ruminate.
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