SD4
Short Dark Tetrad (SD4)
The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) is a brief questionnaire assessing the four so-called Dark Tetrad personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism. It aims to provide a profile of these dimensions in adults, in the general population as well as in clinical or research settings.
- Number of questions
- 28 questions
- Estimated duration
- 5 minutes
- Language
- English
- Original name
- Short Dark Tetrad
- Target audience
- Adults
- Authors
- Daniel N. Jones, Delroy L. Paulhus (2020)
- Category
- General
Scoring & interpretation
Each item is rated on a Likert-type scale (generally 1 to 5), yielding a global score for each dimension of the Dark Tetrad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism). Cutoffs can be used to identify high levels on each dimension.
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