FES
Future Events Scale (FES)
The Future Events Scale (FES) is a self-report tool that examines a person's tendency to anticipate or imagine positive and negative events in their future. The test is mainly used in clinical research on depression, optimism, and anxiety, to assess anticipation bias regarding the future.
- Number of questions
- 80 questions
- Estimated duration
- 15 minutes
- Language
- English
- Original name
- Future Events Scale
- Target audience
- Adults, adolescents
- Authors
- David M. MacLeod, Mark A. Williams (1991)
- Category
- Depression, Anxiety
Scoring & interpretation
Participants rate how likely they think each event is to happen to them in the coming years, on a probability scale. Separate scores are calculated for positive and negative events; a marked difference may indicate cognitive or emotional biases relevant to psychopathology.
Available alternatives
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